1. Introduction

As an integral component of the totality of cognitive activity of national spiritual culture, family and social relations are reflected in the system of phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings, the main purpose of which is to fix the mentality and worldview of the national personality. The relevance of this research topic is determined by the active development of intercultural relations between Russian and Chinese societies and their interest in studying the national personality of various representatives of linguistic cultures.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1) to determine the composition of Russian and Chinese phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings that reflect the traditional national values of family relations.

2) to comparatively analyze the spiritual and mental characteristics of Russian and Chinese national personalities in phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings in relation to marriage, love, women, men, wives, husbands, parents, children, and relations to relatives.

3) to identify the universal and national-specific family values of the compared national personalities.

58 Russian phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings, 125 Chinese phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings were used as the research material, selected by the method of directed sampling from the following dictionaries:

[22][7][10][18][19][20][5][23]

The theoretical basis of the research was the publications of Russian and Chinese authors who consider the problems of the Russian national personality in the aspect of linguoculturology (Vorobyev

[3][4][16][15][11][2][8][1][17][6][9]

The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexical-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings of family subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, and sociolinguistics.

To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, linguistic and cultural commentary, and comparative-contrastive methods.

2. Main results

"A family is a small closed community where all cases are solved together and without witnesses"

[13, P. 59]

Family is an undoubted value for both the Russians and the Chinese. However, there are big differences between RNP and CNP concerning family and family relations.

For RNP, the value of the family and its irreplaceability are apparent:

For CNP, the fate of an individual and their happiness begins with their family, and the perfection of personality is also manifested in family perfection and happiness:

Marriage is perceived by Russians as a necessity, as a natural phenomenon. For the Chinese people, it is necessary to create a family and open businesses at the appropriate age:

RNP:

CNP:

At the same time, it is noted that marriage is a restriction of freedom, which Russian men do not like much, whereas marriage helps Chinese men get more freedom without household chores. Let's compare:

For RNP, a love marriage is not the best invention in the world:

The Chinese people attach great importance to marriage. For them, marriage is a matter of two families (the husband and wife's families) and not just a matter of married couples:

So, in a traditional Chinese marriage, it is not love that is important but post-marital harmony, which is the basis for the harmony of a particular family. It is easy to notice that such marital and family values are reflected very vividly in the Chinese language. We can find a large number of Chinese phraseological units on the topic of marital harmony:

For RNP, the national ideal is a kind wife and a strong, friendly family. This is evidenced by many proverbs:

The Russian woman has an unenviable fate but is famous for her courage, perseverance, and devotion. She will "stop a horse at a gallop" and "enter a burning hut," however, the rest of the sayings are difficult to regard as the "cult of a woman":

In old China, there was also a traditional formula of requirements for a woman:

In Russian culture, the attitude toward women is manifested most often as an attitude toward a wife and, most of all, as a mother. The attitude toward wives in Russian is condescending and ironic. "Men probably came up with these sayings to avenge their insults, and, apparently, Russian husbands are offended more"

[16, P. 116]

In Russia, a woman receives social status only after marriage, and an unmarried woman is like an orphan. Only with her husband is she "like behind a stone wall," and therefore, only in marriage can a woman find happiness and peace:

In the traditional value of the CNP, the wife and husband constitute a "community of one destiny." In other words, the wife should follow her husband:

Russians have the strictest requirements for their wives:

[21]

The loving mother of the CNP is reflected in this way:

The role of the Russian husband in the house is difficult to overestimate. He must take care of the family and the house:

The traditional value of CNP pays attention to the harmonious division of labor between men and women:

Thus, a Chinese man in the family can become

As a father, a Chinese man is necessarily both loving and strict:

It also provides for the subordination of the younger generation to the older:

The gratitude of children and their respect for their parents are also of great importance to them:

The idea of having children and future generations is one of the most important parts of traditional Chinese family values and morality. This is clearly evidenced

Chinese also clearly reflects parents' love and responsibility for raising children.

CNP emphasizes love for parents and such a major traditional virtue as filial piety.

In relation to relatives (blood and non-blood), there are many similarities in RNP and CNP:

RNP:

CNP:

Russian spiritual belonging in Russian culture is most clearly manifested in family life because

[14, P. 224][8][1][24, P. 7]

3. Conclusion

Russian and Chinese phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings related to the concept of family have been analyzed. It has been found that the phraseological units recorded in Russian dictionaries are significantly fewer than Chinese ones – 58 versus 125.

Family is an undoubted value to both the Russians and the Chinese. The universal traditional family values of RNP and CNP include the irreplaceability of the family, the need for marriage, the responsibility of parents for the proper upbringing of children, gratitude of children and their respect for parents, brotherly love, the importance of (blood and non-blood) family relations, etc. However, there are big differences between RNP and CNP in relation to the family and in family-related relations. Russian personalities view traditional family values such as marriage, love, women, men, wives, husbands, parents, children, relatives, etc. in different ways. For example, for RNP, marriage is a restriction of freedom, which Russian men do not like much, and marriage helps Chinese men gain more freedom without domestic worries.

Chinese culture is characterized by clan and family power. Family and kinship relations are of great importance to the Chinese, and their preservation is carried out through cultural values such as marital harmony, procreation, filial piety, fraternal friendship, peaceful family relations, etc.

In our opinion, further research in line with this stated problem is promising not only in concretizing the speech portrait of the Chinese language personality but also in modeling the system of traditional cultural values of Russian and Chinese national personalities.

The additional file for this article can be found as follows: