1. Introduction

The scientific worldview is among three components of the science foundations, with ideals and norms of scientific activity and philosophical and ideological justifications for considering them within the general cultural context. A generalized scientific worldview presents the main system-structural characteristics of a knowledge field and reality representations

[11]

Language is a universal tool to verbalize the whole worldview, categorize concepts and distribute ideas in a human community. The concepts are presented as images with their interrelations at a nonverbal level. However, individuals do not communicate through abstract concepts that are mentally organized in their consciousness – they use signs of natural or artificial language. Language can be called a general cognitive mechanism of information representation and transformation. According to the cognitive approach, the linguistic worldview assumes that all concepts of human consciousness are mentally ordered and unified. The creation of a linguistic worldview model is the task of explanatory lexicography 

[9, P. 47][13, P. 162]

Modern linguistics considers at least four aspects when examining worldviews: cognitive, psycholinguistic, cultural, and traditional

[14][1][6, P. 140]

Describing the history of paradigm shifts in linguistics, V. Tabanakova refers to the formation and development of lexicography during structuralism

[12, P. 49][7, P. 25]

2. Research methods and principles

In contemporary society, the proficiency of native speakers in various fields of knowledge has increased to such an extent that they require precise definitions of technical terms in a dictionary. From this point of view, we can analyze the necessary features of a full-type explanatory dictionary of contemporary Russian. Let us use the example of “The Dictionary of Russian Language of the 21st Century”, edited by Professor G.N. Sklyarevskaya

[10][4][2]

Numerous linguistic and humanitarian studies are based on explanatory dictionary entries and vocabulary research. For our purposes, it is significant to investigate the main typological parameters of the dictionary, especially its vocabulary.

3. Main results

A new explanatory dictionary of the Russian Language should have features which combine linguistic and scientific representation as an integral part:

- It should be a dictionary in the so-called “electronic”, or to be more precise “browser-based” form. This form of presentation is the only way to provide users with comprehensive and prompt access to the current content. This form of organization enables the compilation and editing of dictionary materials based on synonymic series, lexical or semantic groups, fields, etc. This helps to standardize dictionary entries rather than organizing them alphabetically;

- It should be a synchronous dictionary focused on the linguistic consciousness of modern Russian native speakers. The dictionary should include obsolete units used in literary genres but stylistically marked;

- It should be a dictionary containing at least 250 000 lexical units – in addition to the vocabulary of the fund, it should include actual terminology of different fields of knowledge, colloquial words, the slang of socially isolated groups, historicisms and neologisms with derivatives;

- It should be a dictionary with a great contextual base, covering materials of various genres, including educational, scientific and popular science texts. It should be based on the “National corpus of the Russian language”

[8]

- It should intentionally present vocabulary and semantics as a system. Using lexicographic tools it should reveal semantic connections and correlations in the vocabulary – hypero-hyponymic relations, synonyms and antonyms, relationships between meanings within a polysemous word, semantic fields, etc. “Browser-based” form of presentation involves the use of hyperlinks and tooltips for this purpose;

- It should present terminology not as a separate, closed, peripheral language area, but rather as an active component of the lexical system. The presentation of terminological systems in the dictionary should encompass all parameters of lexicographic description and acknowledge that the semantic structure of terms can evolve within the language's lexical system 

[5, P. 90]

If the dictionary aims to reflect the linguistic worldview, including its scientific component, lexicographers propose theoretical and practical methods to achieve this goal.

4. Discussion

Lexicographical grounds for a comparative analysis of the representation of the words of modern technologies are limited.

In “The New Dictionary of the Russian Language”

[4][2]

Explanatory dictionaries have traditionally been more successful in reflecting social and humanitarian fields of knowledge than natural sciences. The terms in these fields are often defined simplistically at the end of the dictionary entry and without examples. The new dictionary aims to demonstrate how words function in different practical contexts, while maintaining semantic unity and revealing language connections. It summarizes source materials and provides insights into the meanings of words. What scientific worldview would such a dictionary reflect?

It must reflect the interaction between different scientific disciplines (natural, technical, social or humanitarian) and technologies. According to this worldview, polysemous words incorporate multiple meanings that draw from various fields of knowledge

[3, P. 26]

The synthetic approach to the object of study demonstrated in meanings with two (or more) thematic labels: “коллапс” (collapse) “catastrophically rapid compression of massive bodies under the influence of gravity; a sharp decrease in volume with a slight change in external conditions” (in astronomy and physics); “реактивный” (reactive) “capable of acutely, violently reacting to external influences; related to such a reaction” (in biology and psychology). It is effective for readers to identify common regularities of scientific activity in different fields of knowledge by marking their meanings as general scientific vocabulary – like in nouns “изоморфизм” (isomorphism) “identity of different objects”; “структура” (structure) “an object that has a certain organization and retains its basic properties under various external and internal changes”, etc.

5. Conclusion

Explanatory dictionaries from the 19th and 20th centuries had a simplistic worldview until the intellectualization of language became a key factor in the development of modern lexical systems. In addition, before the widespread use of computer technology in lexicography dictionaries had to fix data to a certain extent diachronically.

It is impossible to create a comprehensive dictionary without utilising computer science technologies throughout all stages. The synthetic approach to the word characterizes explanatory lexicography: it uses interdisciplinary research – within linguistics, involving data from phonetics, grammar, morphology, etymology, stylistics, semantics, word formation, phraseology, and outside of it, involving the actual information from all fields of knowledge and human activity. All these data conform to the integrative function in the explanatory dictionary, creating a lexicographic portrait of a word and, further, modelling the linguistic worldview.

We can conclude that the modern full-type explanatory dictionary should not be considered as being out of trends of Russian science and cultural development. This assumption increases the responsibility of lexicographers.

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